Cancer Rates Are Rising in Young Women: What You Need to Know

While not to sound the alarm, it’s important to know that cancer diagnoses in young adults have been steadily increasing, and women are disproportionately affected. A study from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center found that women under 50 are 82% more likely to develop cancer than men in the same age group. This shift is raising concerns among researchers, as cancers that were once considered rare in young adults — such as colorectal and endometrial cancer — are becoming more common.

Although advances in screening and early detection may play a role in identifying more cases, research suggests that lifestyle, environmental, and metabolic factors are driving this increase. With cancer being the leading cause of death worldwide, understanding the trends behind rising rates in younger women is crucial — not just for awareness, but for prevention.

Which Cancers Are Increasing in Young Women?

According to recent studies, the cancers on the rise in younger women include:

Breast Cancer: The most commonly diagnosed cancer in women under 50, with rising rates (increasing about 1% every year from 2012 to 2021) linked to earlier puberty, lifestyle factors, and environmental exposures.
Colorectal Cancer: Once considered a disease of older adults, colorectal cancer cases have increased dramatically in younger individuals, driven by factors such as diet, gut microbiome changes, and sedentary lifestyles.
Endometrial Cancer: This type of uterine cancer is rising, particularly in women with metabolic issues such as obesity and insulin resistance.
Thyroid Cancer: Cases have increased, potentially due to greater detection but also environmental factors like endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Melanoma: Skin cancer rates are climbing, especially in young women, with certain factors increasing the risk, such as UV exposure and tanning habits.

What’s Behind The Increase?

Dietary and Lifestyle Changes

Modern diets have shifted dramatically over the last several decades, with an increase in ultra-processed foods, refined sugars, and unhealthy fats. These dietary patterns contribute to chronic inflammation, obesity, and insulin resistance — all of which are known cancer risk factors. A 2023 study published in The Lancet linked ultra-processed food consumption to a higher risk of various cancers, particularly breast and colorectal cancer. Additionally, sedentary behavior has increased, with many adults spending more time sitting and less time engaging in physical activity, further compounding the risks.

Environmental Exposures

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) found in plastics, personal care products, and pesticides may play a role in the rise of hormone-related cancers. Recent data suggests that exposure to chemicals such as bisphenol A (BPA), phthalates, and parabens can interfere with hormone regulation, increasing the risk of breast and reproductive cancers. Additionally, increased exposure to air pollution and industrial toxins has been linked to a higher incidence of lung and other cancers, even in non-smokers.

Microbiome Disruptions

The gut microbiome — home to trillions of bacteria that regulate digestion, immunity, and inflammation — has emerged as a critical player in cancer risk. Studies suggest that poor diet, excessive antibiotic use, and stress can disrupt the gut microbiome, leading to dysbiosis (an imbalance in gut bacteria). This has been particularly linked to colorectal cancer, with research showing that harmful bacterial overgrowth can contribute to tumor formation. In fact, a recent 2024 study found that individuals with colorectal cancer had distinct gut microbiome imbalances compared to healthy individuals.

Chronic Stress and Sleep Deprivation

Chronic stress and lack of sleep may seem unrelated to cancer risk, but research suggests otherwise. Persistent stress can elevate levels of cortisol and other inflammatory markers, which weaken the immune system and contribute to DNA damage and tumor growth. Sleep deprivation has also been linked to increased breast cancer risk, likely due to disruptions in melatonin production, a hormone that regulates circadian rhythms.

Reproductive and Hormonal Factors

Changes in reproductive patterns over the past few decades have contributed to rising cancer rates in younger women. Women are having children later, breastfeeding less, and using hormonal contraceptives for longer periods — all factors that can influence hormone-related cancers like breast and endometrial cancer.

What Can Be Done to Reduce the Risk?

Prioritize a Whole-Food Diet

Eating a diet rich in fiber, antioxidants, and healthy fats can help lower cancer risk by reducing inflammation and supporting metabolic health. The American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) recommends a plant-forward diet with a variety of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins. Cruciferous vegetables (such as broccoli, kale, and cabbage) contain sulforaphane, a compound shown to have anti-cancer properties. Additionally, omega-3 fatty acids from sources like salmon and flaxseeds have been linked to reduced inflammation and lower cancer risk.

Exercise Regularly

Regular physical activity is one of the most effective ways to reduce cancer risk, as exercise helps regulate hormones, improve immune function, and lower inflammation. A study in JAMA Internal Medicine found that people who were active versus sedentary had a significantly lower risk of cancers. In fact, research shows that even small increases in daily movement, such as walking more or incorporating strength training, can have protective effects.

Limit Ultra-Processed Foods and Sugary Drinks

Consumption of highly processed foods, artificial sweeteners, and sugar-sweetened beverages has been linked to increased cancer risk. There’s even data to show that each 10% increase in ultra-processed food intake was associated with a higher risk of overall cancer. Simply put, cutting back on packaged snacks, processed meats, and fast food while focusing on whole, minimally processed foods can make a substantial difference.

Avoid Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals

If you’re not reading the ingredient labels on your kitchenware and beauty products, it’s time to start. According to research, women with higher levels of BPA and phthalates in their urine had a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. Therefore, reducing exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and choosing BPA-free plastics, fragrance-free personal care products, and organic produce can go a long way in minimizing exposure to harmful chemicals and reducing your cancer risk.

Stay on Top of Screenings

Early detection is key to improving cancer outcomes. Regular mammograms, Pap smears, and colonoscopies can catch cancer in its earliest stages when it’s most treatable. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommends that women at average risk begin mammograms at age 40, while those with a family history or genetic predisposition may need earlier screening. Additionally, young adults should be aware of any persistent symptoms — such as unexplained weight loss, changes in bowel habits, or unusual lumps — and seek medical attention when necessary.

Manage Stress and Prioritize Sleep

Stress management and quality sleep play a crucial role in immune function and cancer prevention. And it’s easier than you think. Engaging in meditation, deep breathing, and regular relaxation techniques can not only help lower cortisol levels, but also support overall well-being. At the very least, prioritize at least 7–9 hours of sleep per night.

Final Thoughts

The rise in cancer rates among young women is concerning, but awareness and proactive lifestyle choices can make a difference. By understanding the risk factors and taking preventive steps, women can reduce their chances of developing cancer and improve overall health. Use this guide as inspiration to revamp your routine, and know that every small change makes a huge difference.